Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a serious health burden; bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used plasticizer for consumer products, is a potential immune disruptor. However, epidemiologic studies revealing the association between BPA exposure and immunity are limited. This study investigates the association between environmental BPA exposure and immune response following HBV vaccination in a nationally representative sample population. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from six cycles, we analyzed the data of 6134 participants, classified as susceptible to HBV infection (n = 3086) or as having vaccine-induced immunity (n = 3048). Associations between BPA level and HBV susceptibility were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) of the pooled data and data for each cycle. There was a significant association in the pooled data after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.23). However, the associations between BPA concentration and HBV susceptibility were inconsistent across the survey cycles and tended to decrease in more recent cycles. Although this study preliminarily suggests that BPA attenuates the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination, further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the discrepancies observed.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA; CAS 80-05-7; IUPAC name: 4,40 -(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol)), a phenolic compound with the chemical formula C15 H16 O2, is a plasticizer mainly used for manufacture of polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resins
As one of the most widely produced chemicals worldwide, bisphenol A (BPA) is found in various items, such as plastic containers, food packaging materials, toys, office supplies, and dental sealants; BPA exposure can occur via multiple sources [1,2]
When BPA is absorbed into the human body, it binds to several hormone receptors, including the estrogen receptor (ER) [3,4,5]
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA; CAS 80-05-7; IUPAC name: 4,40 -(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol)), a phenolic compound with the chemical formula C15 H16 O2 , is a plasticizer mainly used for manufacture of polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resins. As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, BPA is known to increase the risk of reproductive toxicity, developmental disorders, immunotoxicity, and several endocrine diseases, such as diabetes, breast cancer, and obesity [6]. 257 million individuals worldwide are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) [7], which can progress to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer in approximately. 15–40% of the carriers if not treated [8]; it remains a serious public health concern, as HBV is a major cause of liver cancer, which accounts for the third highest cancer deaths [9,10].
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