Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parents’ and preschoolers’ physical activity and TV viewing

Abstract

colonic tissue mRNA libraries and validated an in vitro human enteroendocrine I-cell model (Hutu80) using a variety of known TAS2R bitter agonists. We show that mRNAs for bitter taste receptors are expressed in human gastric, small intestinal and colonic tissue as well as the Hutu-80 cellline. In addition, Hutu-80 cells respond to a subset of known bitter agonists via a G-protein coupled phospholipase C mediated pathway, elevated cytoplasmic calcium concentrations and subsequent release of CCK. In conclusion, the capability to sense luminal bitter compounds may occur throughout the GI tract. However, not all known lingual bitter agonists stimulate hormone secretion in Hutu-80 cells, suggesting key differences between lingual and GI bitter sensing that may have important implications for design of functional foods to modulate appetite through bitter sensing.