Cross-Neutralizing Breadth and Longevity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Infections.

Yukiya Kurahashi,Hiroyuki Ohkita,Yoshihiro Nishimura,Masatsugu Yamamoto,Yasuko Mori,Mitsuhiro Nishimura,Yoshiki Tohma,Sachiko Nakamura,Jun Arii,Koichi Furukawa,Sachiyo Iwata,Silvia Sutandhio,Tatsuya Nagano,Shigeru Sano,Tatsunori Kiriu,Lidya Handayani Tjan

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.773652

Abstract

BackgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) has become one of the most pressing issues in public health. To control VOCs, it is important to know which COVID-19 convalescent sera have cross-neutralizing activity against VOCs and how long the sera maintain this protective activity.MethodsSera of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to January 2021 and admitted to Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center were selected. Blood was drawn from patients at 1-3, 3-6, and 6-8 months post onset. Then, a virus neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 variants (D614G mutation as conventional strain; B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351 as VOCs) was performed using authentic viruses.ResultsWe assessed 97 sera from 42 patients. Sera from 28 patients showed neutralizing activity that was sustained for 3-8 months post onset. The neutralizing antibody titer against D614G significantly decreased in sera of 6-8 months post onset compared to those of 1-3 months post onset. However, the neutralizing antibody titers against the three VOCs were not significantly different among 1-3, 3-6, and 6-8 months post onset.DiscussionOur results indicate that neutralizing antibodies that recognize the common epitope for several variants may be maintained for a long time, while neutralizing antibodies having specific epitopes for a variant, produced in large quantities immediately after infection, may decrease quite rapidly.

Highlights

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in November, 2019
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in nasopharyngeal swab samples was used to confirm the diagnosis of COVD-19
The purpose of this study was to examine the longevity of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) activity of COVID-19 convalescent sera against D614G, and their neutralizing breadth against B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351

Summary

Introduction

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in November, 2019. As of mid-December, 2021, more than 5.4 million patients worldwide have died from the effects of COVID-19 [1] To control this pandemic, various prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are being tried clinically, including vaccines, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) [2]. Various prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are being tried clinically, including vaccines, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) [2] Among these immunotherapies, the neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) that interrupt viral infection are essential components and are induced by natural infection or vaccination. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To control VOCs, it is important to know which COVID-19 convalescent sera have cross-neutralizing activity against VOCs and how long the sera maintain this protective activity

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