Cross-linked chitosan aerogel modified with Pd(II)/phthalocyanine: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application

Amal Al-Azmi,Sajjad Keshipour

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50021-6

Amal Al-Azmi, Sajjad Keshipour

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50021-6

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Sep 25, 2019
Citations: 30	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Urmia University, Kuwait University

Abstract

Palladium(II) phthalocyanine (PdPc) tetrasulfonate was chemically bonded to an amine moiety of chitosan aerogel. The reaction was promoted by the transformation of sulfonic acid groups of PdPc to sulfonyl chloride, which is highly active for amination. The porous composite showed good catalytic activity in the oxidation reaction of some alkylarenes, aliphatic and benzylic alcohols, and cyclohexanol. High conversions and excellent selectivities were obtained for the solvent-free reactions under aerobic conditions at 80 °C during 24 h. While many oxidation reactions have been reported catalysed with palladium phthalocyanine, this is the first reported oxidation of alkylarenes via this catalyst. The organometallic compound is applicable as a heterogeneous catalyst having high chemical stability with recyclability up to six times.

Highlights

The harmful effects of hazardous materials encourage organic researchers to develop new procedures using biocompatible catalysts to supress pollutant effects of chemical processes
Anchoring the catalyst on a high aspect ratio support is one of the strategies for increasing the catalyst’s efficiency in low amounts, which produces a heterogeneous catalyst with recyclability potential
Palladium(II) phthalocyanine (PdPc) tetrasulfonate as a catalyst was bonded to chitosan aerogel (CA) through sulfonic acid groups

Summary

Introduction

The harmful effects of hazardous materials encourage organic researchers to develop new procedures using biocompatible catalysts to supress pollutant effects of chemical processes. As a chiral polyamine, has attracted the researcher’s interest due to its important role in many applications[3,4,5,6]. This naturally-based polymer shows good flexibility, insolubility in many solvents, and affinity for most metal ions[7,8]. The catalyst on a high-surface-area support sophistically increases the number of active sites for the reaction, and the required catalyst amount is decreased; and (2) heterogeneity of the prepared catalyst facilitates the recovery of the catalyst

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Results

Conclusion