Abstract
Coal fly ash can be used in in various configurations (e.g. as cap, bottom liner, or blending) at a mine site, but comparative studies investigating their capacity to control acid mine drainage are limited. Batch and column leaching experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fly ash-mine tailings mix ratios and system configurations on leachate chemistry. Acidic mine tailings (pH 2.72) were obtained from waste piles at a former gold and pyrite mine. Mixing the fly ash with the tailings in a 1:1 (w/w) ratio decreased Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cu leaching by 90 ± 6%, increased the pH from extremely acidic (2.9) to alkaline (8.0), and decreased electrical conductivity from 4 to 2.5 mS cm−1 due to solute precipitation. Using the fly ash as a ‘chemical liner’ beneath the tailings, applying the fly ash as both a cap and bottom liner, or blending the fly ash with tailings produced significantly less acidity, salinity, and metal leaching than using the fly ash as a cap. The capacity of fly ash to control acid generation is attributed to its acid neutralizing capacity and high pH (11.1).
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