Abstract
This study aims to investigate the cross-gender equivalency of cyber bullying and victimization across gender using Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory (RCBI). Because gender differences may have a strong effect on measurement inequalities, tests of measurement invariance were conducted to ensure that the scores obtained from cyber bullying and victimization forms of RCBI were generalizable between males and females. The samples for this study consisted of 217 females and 235 males. The measurement invariance of the cyber bullying and victimization forms of RCBI was examined with multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA). For the test of MG-CFA, a set of confirmatory factor analysis procedures were utilized. In order that collate relative fit of nested models across gender, change in CFI (comparative fit index) was utilized here, with a suggestion that support for the more parsimonious model can fit data better than a less parsimonius model requires a change in CFI is smaller or equal to .01. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using LISREL. MG-CFA results showed that there were not enough evidence to support the measurement invariance of the cyber bullying and victimization forms of RCBI across gender at a scale level. Results were discussed in the light of the literature.
Highlights
Bullying is often depicted as being an aggressive, intentional act or behavior that is done by individual or group repeatedly in order to humiliate victims who are inferior them, Cross-Gender Equivalence of Cyber Bullying
Instruments Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory [RCBI; 40] consists of 28 items, 14 of which are in cyber bullying form and 14 of which are in cyber victimization form
First of all, CFAs were conducted with total sample as well as each gender separately
Summary
Bullying is often depicted as being an aggressive, intentional act or behavior that is done by individual or group repeatedly in order to humiliate victims who are inferior them, Cross-Gender Equivalence of Cyber Bullying. With the rapid growth of communication and information technology, cyberspace has been implicated as a new risky environment for bullying. This new form of bullying called cyber bullying refers to bullying by the means of information and communication technologies such as emails, text messages, and web sites (Kowalski, Limber & Agatston 2008). Cyber bullying is delineated as repeated hostile behavior of an individual or a group toward another individual through communication technologies such as e-mail, cell phone, SMS, instant messaging, personal web sites, and blogs. Arıcak and colleagues (2008) stated that cyber bullying includes online behaviors such as lying, hiding the identity, introducing oneself as someone else, threatening, teasing, insulting, defamation, intimidation, rumor, and displaying others’ pictures without their consent in cyberspace
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