Abstract
This paper gives an overview of electronic learning (E-Learning) and mobile learning (M-Learning) adoption and diffusion trends, as well as their particular traits, characteristics and issues, especially in terms of cross-cultural and universal usability. E-Learning and M-Learning models using web services and cloud computing, as well as associated security concerns are all addressed. The benefits and enhancements that accrue from using mobile and other internet devices for the purposes of learning in academia are discussed. The differences between traditional classroom-based learning, distance learning, E-Learning and M-Learning models are compared and some conclusions are drawn.
Highlights
Due to the continual growth of computational power and increasing affordability, the usage of the Internet for learning purposes is becoming a norm
This paper summarises the literature on deploying E/M-Learning in the field of academia and its adoption trends among students as well as instructors
Perceiving the direction of development, deployment, adoption and diffusion of E/M-Learning were the key focus of this review, which was grounded on the following three central themes: 1) Determining the historical background and current state of E/M-Learning; 2) reviewing its usability and adoption trends and 3) systematic forecasting of the future, especially from the present research and trends both in the field of academia and industry
Summary
Due to the continual growth of computational power and increasing affordability, the usage of the Internet for learning purposes is becoming a norm. The mobile device is critically dependent on the network coverage and capacity, subject to interference and service outage In spite of these negative factors, Thornton and Houser [29] showed that cellular phones can certainly be used effectively for providing language learning curricula for students. Some major shortcomings of M-Learning include “limited presentation of graphics” [28], small screen display size, lack of cross-cultural usability, inability to provide digital-Braille services for the blind or visually impaired user unless specialised hardware is used, high dependency on cellular mobile networks and reception of their signals - which may restrict transmission capacity and face various types of disturbances such as outages. E/MLearning products may be purposely written with features to test for patience and the persistence of the user, this could be especially useful for training the military, the special forces and for aptitude training
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