Abstract
Language, discourse and communication reveal social and cultural inclinations of human civilization (Van Dijk, 1997). Language behavior is exhibited through communication which is extracted from three main categories of language; “ideational, interpersonal and textual” (Halliday, 1978, 1985). Hedges are interpersonal metadiscourse markers (Hs), lexical devices that authors employ to arrange their discourse and communicate their standpoint about the substance for the reader. Cultural and linguistic background of the author may affect the employment of hedges in the discourse. The present study investigated the interpersonal metadiscourse marker-hedges- in the Culture section of European English Newspaper (CEEN) and Pakistani English Newspaper articles (CPEN) based on Hyland’s classification (2004). The quantitative corpora-based study contained 32 articles from culture section of Pakistani English newspaper: Dawn News (DN) and 32 articles from culture section of European English Newspaper: BBC. The articles from each newspaper were extracted from online resources. Two corpora have equal representation of words, 40000 each. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 to see the frequency of hedges used in the data. Moreover, an independent sample t-test was applied. It was found that there is a meaningful difference between the European and Pakistani English newspapers’ usage of hedges. This research would help not only ELT practitioners to teach how hedges change the genre of discourse, but would also shed light on cultural discourse. It would depict how the same hedges are used in two different cultural discourses revealing distinct culture and identity.
Highlights
This study is comparative in nature with a primary focus on the employment of hedges, in Pakistani and European English news papers’ culture section
Language behavior is exhibited through communication which is extracted from three main categories of language; “ideational, interpersonal and textual” (Halliday, 1978, 1985)
The present study investigated the interpersonal metadiscourse marker-hedges- in the Culture section of European English Newspaper (CEEN) and Pakistani English Newspaper articles (CPEN) based on Hyland’s classification (2004)
Summary
This study is comparative in nature with a primary focus on the employment of hedges, in Pakistani and European English news papers’ culture section. Metadiscourse markers are the devices or tools that create and reflect the relationship between readers and authors. These markers are non-propositional tools employed in spoken and written language. Research has categorized metadiscourse into two kinds of markers: interactional, which is sometimes called interpersonal and the other is textual. Textual metadiscourse is added in the text when it needs to have more coherence and cohesion. Interactional metadiscourse is the primary target of the present study that shows how writers communicate their attitude towards the discourse and assess the propositional content
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