Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Marathi versions of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in people living with chronic low back pain

Abstract

Purpose To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) into Marathi, and to evaluate their clinimetric properties in a native Marathi speaking population with chronic low back pain Material and methods The BBQ and PSEQ were translated into Marathi using international published guidelines. Fifty native Marathi speakers were recruited. Reliability (n = 43) was evaluated in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach α) and test-retest reliability [intra class correlation coefficient, ICC (2, 1)] and 95% confidence interval (CI). Convergent validity (n = 50) was assessed by correlating the Marathi versions of BBQ and PSEQ with the Marathi version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Results Internal consistency of BBQ (Cronbach α = 0.67) was good and that for PSEQ (Cronbach α = 0.93) was high. Test-retest reliability for BBQ (ICC = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.89) was good and PSEQ (ICC = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.92) was excellent. A significant, low negative correlation was found between RMDQ and BBQ scores (r = −0.298; p = 0.036) and PSEQ (r = −0.28; p = 0.049). Conclusions The BBQ and PSEQ were successfully cross-culturally adapted into Marathi. Clinimetric evaluation of these questionnaires in a sample of native Marathi speaking populations with chronic low back pain demonstrated good acceptability, acceptable internal consistency, and high test-retest reliability. Implications for rehabilitation The Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) were successfully cross-culturally adapted into Marathi. The Marathi versions of BBQ and PSEQ have good acceptability, acceptable internal consistency, and high test-retest reliability. They can be used by clinicians and researchers to evaluate beliefs about back pain and pain self-efficacy in Marathi speaking patients with chronic low back pain.