Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ)

Abstract

Purpose The aim of the study is to present the process of translation, adaptation and validation of the Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ) in the Spanish context. Methods The process integrates two sequential phases. Phase 1 consists of a questionnaire translation and back-translation process conducted by a panel of experts, and a pilot study. In phase 2, CCRQ-e (Spanish version) was administered to 305 rehabilitation inpatients to collect evidence on the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results The exploratory and confirmatory analysis confirmed seven original domains, eliminating four items from the original scale. CCRQ-e has a good internal consistency. Discriminative construct validity distinguished significant differences based on age, educational level, and severity of diagnosis. Criterion validity of the CCRQ and EQ-5D showed negative significant correlations between CCRQ-e and the general perception of health EQ-VAS, and a positive correlation between CCRQ-e and EQ pain and EQ anxiety (higher scores in CCRQ-e mean lower client-centered practice perceived). Conclusions The Spanish version of the CCRQ is suitable for evaluating person-centered rehabilitation from the person’s perspective. It includes aspects related to the comfort, decision-making, and participation of the client, as well as questions about the provision of service and the environment. Implications for rehabilitation The original seven domains of the CCRQ could be replicated in the sample of patients from Spanish rehabilitation services. By eliminating four items from the original scale, the validated scale, known as the CCRQ-e (Spanish version), was obtained. The CCRQ-e allows a reliable and valid evaluation of the perception of the person-centeredness of the Spanish rehabilitation services. The CCRQ-e is the first self-reported measure in Spanish of an individual's experience during the rehabilitation service.