Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish-Language Version of the SARC-F to Assess Sarcopenia in Mexican Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract

ObjectivesTo cross-culturally adapt and validate the Spanish-language version of the SARC-F in Mexican community-dwelling older adults. DesignCross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. SettingThe FraDySMex study, a 2-round evaluation of community-dwelling adults from 2 municipalities in Mexico City. ParticipantsParticipants were 487 men and women older than 60 years, living in the designated area in Mexico City. MeasurementsInformation from questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental status, nutritional status, dependence in activities of daily living, frailty, and quality of life. Objective measurements of muscle mass, strength and function were as follows: skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was taken using dual-energy x-ray, grip strength using a hand dynamometer, 6-meter gait speed using a GAIT Rite instrumented walkway, peak torque and power for knee extension using a isokinetic dynamometer, lower extremity functioning measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and balance using evaluation on a foam surface, with closed eyes, in the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration. The SARC-F scale translated to Spanish and the consensus panels’ criteria from European, international, and Asian sarcopenia working groups were applied to evaluate sarcopenia. ResultsThe Spanish language version of the SARC-F scale showed reliability (Cronbach alfa = 0.641. All items in the scale correlated to the scale's total score, rho = 0.43 to 0.76), temporal consistency evaluated by test-retest (CCI = 0.80), criterion validity when compared to the consensus panels' criteria (high specificity and negative predictive values). The scale was also correlated to other measures related to sarcopenia (such as age, quality of life, self-rated health status, cognition, dependence in activities of daily living, nutritional status, depression, gait speed, grip strength, peak torque and power for knee extension, SPPB, balance, SMI, and frailty). ConclusionThe SARC-F scale was successfully adapted to Spanish language and validated in community-dwelling Mexican older adults.