Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of "Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire" into Moroccan Arabic.

Farid Bourzgui,Hadam Mkhantar,Zineb Serhier,Samir Diouny,Mohamed Bennani Othmani

doi:10.1155/2020/8854922

Abstract

Introduction The malocclusion index questionnaire (MIQ) is widely used in research and clinical practice. To our knowledge, there are no studies of its use in Moroccan patients. Aim The objective of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ) into Moroccan Arabic and to assess its reliability and validity among a sample of young Moroccan teenagers. The PIDAQ was cross-culturally adapted into Malay version by forward- and backward-translation processes, followed by psychometric validation. Materials and Methods The MIQ was cross-culturally adapted into Moroccan Arabic by forward- and backward-translation processes, followed by psychometric validations. The MIQ was completed by a representative sample of 94 Moroccan adolescents aged 12–17 years selected randomly from five public schools of Casablanca. Internal consistency reliability was determined from Cronbach's alpha, and the intraclass coefficient of the item scores was obtained in 1 month in a subset of 30 subjects. Data were analyzed using the Statistical SPSS software, version 16.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA. Results The MIQ was completed twice by each participant at one-month interval to assess test reliability; the intraclass coefficient was r = 0.958, showing an excellent reproducibility. The internal consistency demonstrated the reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.917. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by evaluation of the relationship between the total scores of the MIQ and normative need for orthodontic treatment according to ICON. The questionnaire showed an insignificant correlation (0.129, p < 0.05). Conclusion The Moroccan Arabic version of the MIQ was found to be reliable, whereas it has unacceptable validity according to ICON, and hence, it is unlikely to be a useful measure in orthodontic clinical trials for Moroccan adolescents.

Highlights

Malocclusion is defined as an “anomaly which causes disfigurement or which impedes function, requiring treatment if the disfigurement or functional defect is likely to be an obstacle to the patient’s physical or emotional wellbeing” (WHO) [1]
Four main steps were followed: the first step in the process of transcultural adaptation consisted of the translation of the original version from English into Moroccan Arabic by two bilingual translators, whose mother tongue was Moroccan Arabic, producing two independent versions
Results of the present study suggest that even though the participants performed with young people in New Zealand and the UK, there were some differences between the three samples. e main difference was that Moroccan youngsters were less concerned about their teeth than UK counterparts

Summary

Introduction

Malocclusion is defined as an “anomaly which causes disfigurement or which impedes function, requiring treatment if the disfigurement or functional defect is likely to be an obstacle to the patient’s physical or emotional wellbeing” (WHO) [1] It is one of the most common oral problems, together with dental caries and periodontal disease. Malocclusions are highly prevalent and can result in physical, social, and psychological consequences, thereby exerting a negative impact on quality of life (QoL) It is common for individuals with malocclusion conditions to International Journal of Dentistry develop ways to cope with these defects; these strategies involve avoiding smiling, hiding teeth while speaking or laughing, and developing emotional insecurity, fear and social anxiety

Methods

Results

Conclusion