Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) to the Spanish Adolescent Population.

Vicente Miñana-Signes,Joan Morant,Manuel Monfort-Pañego,Matias Noll

doi:10.3390/ijerph18030854

Abstract

The prevalence of back pain (BP) among children and adolescents has increased over recent years. Some authors advocate promoting back-health education in the school setting. It is therefore important to adopt a uniform suite of assessment instruments to measure the various constructs. The present study aimed to perform a cultural adaptation of a validated measurement instrument (BackPEI), beginning with a translation and cultural adaptation phase, followed by a second phase to test reliability using a test-retest design. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed based on the guidelines. Reliability was tested by applying the questionnaire to 224 secondary school students, at two different times with a 7-day interval between the tests. In general, the Spanish version presented adequate agreement for questions 1–20, with only question 9 achieving a low Kappa range of 0.312 (−0.152–0.189). The question about pain intensity did not show differences between the test means (4.72 ± 2.33) and re-test (4.58 ± 2.37) (p = 0.333), and the responses for these two tests obtained a high correlation (ICC = 0.951 (0.928–0.966); p = 0.0001). Psychometric testing indicated that the Spanish version of the BackPEI is well-adapted and reliable, based on the test–retest design, providing similar results to the original Brazilian version.

Highlights

The prevalence of back pain (BP) among children and adolescents has increased over recent years [1,2]
Step 4 (Expert Committee): The committee took three rounds to accomplish the objective of the study, the production of a pre-final version for field testing
Items 4 and 5 of the Spanish version of BackPEI received a score of (3) Neither Agree nor Disagree concerning the first question for the experts “Is the Spanish translation of the Portuguese version adequate? Observations”

Summary

Introduction

Published: 20 January 2021The prevalence of back pain (BP) among children and adolescents has increased over recent years [1,2]. BP is a symptom, such as headaches and dizziness [3], rather than a disease, and it is associated with a wide range of risk factors [4,5], among which we highlight the sedentary positions caused by prolonged sitting on school days, as well as at home in front of computers or other devices, and the inappropriate postural habits of students in their daily lives [6,7]. In order to reach robust conclusions concerning posture interventions in schools, it is important to adopt a uniform suite of assessment instruments to measure the various contents in the investigations (BP prevalence, general and specific back care knowledge, daily postural habits, the student’s and teachers’ perceptions, etc.) [15]. To the best of our knowledge, there are only two validated and reliable self-reported evaluation instruments concerning postural habits within an educational orientation and Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations

Results

Discussion

Conclusion