Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Lingual Validation of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)-Specific for Cholesterol Lowering Drugs in the Visegrad Countries.

Klára Boruzs,Attila Nagy,Gábor Bányai,János Sándor,Robert Horne,Viktor Dombrádi,Klára Bíró

doi:10.3390/ijerph17207616

Abstract

The goal of this study was to translate the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire—Specific (BMQ-Specific) for cholesterol-lowering drugs, into the Hungarian, Slovak, Czech and Polish languages and test their reliability with statistical methods. For this purpose, Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. The analyses included 235 Czech, 205 Hungarian, 200 Polish, and 200 Slovak respondents, all of whom were taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. The translations from English into the target languages were always done by two independent translators. As part of the validation process these translations were pilot tested and after the necessary alterations, they were translated back into English by a third translator. After the approval by the creator of the questionnaire, nationwide surveys were conducted in all four countries. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were exceptionally good for the Czech and Slovak translations, while the Polish and Hungarian translations marginally crossed the predetermined thresholds. With the exception of a single Polish question, the results of the exploratory factor analysis were deemed acceptable. The translated versions of BMQ-Specific are reliable and valid tools to assess patients’ beliefs about medication, especially medication adherence among patients taking cholesterol-lowering medication. A comparison between the four countries with this questionnaire is now possible.

Highlights

The health status of the population of Central and Eastern European countries is worse than the health status of the populations of high-income member states within the European Union. epidemiological data strongly suggest that cardiovascular mortality is higher in Central and Eastern European countries [1], only one study has been conducted in these countries far [2].In a systematic review it was found that several factors may contribute to inadequate statin therapy
One factor is that doctors do not prescribe statin or use statin treatment with a lower intensity than the dose specified in the guidelines because they are afraid of the harmful side effects of the drug
The panels were made to represent the population of the particular country and preliminary consent was needed in order to be a member

Summary

Introduction

The health status of the population of Central and Eastern European countries is worse than the health status of the populations of high-income member states within the European Union. epidemiological data strongly suggest that cardiovascular mortality is higher in Central and Eastern European countries [1], only one study has been conducted in these countries far [2].In a systematic review it was found that several factors may contribute to inadequate statin therapy. The health status of the population of Central and Eastern European countries is worse than the health status of the populations of high-income member states within the European Union. Epidemiological data strongly suggest that cardiovascular mortality is higher in Central and Eastern European countries [1], only one study has been conducted in these countries far [2]. In a systematic review it was found that several factors may contribute to inadequate statin therapy. One factor is that doctors do not prescribe statin or use statin treatment with a lower intensity than the dose specified in the guidelines because they are afraid of the harmful side effects of the drug. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7616; doi:10.3390/ijerph17207616 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion