CROPS NUTRITIVE MATTERS CONSUMPTION FEATURES UNDER GRAIN-FALLOW –ROTATION IN SAMARA ZAVOLSHYE

Abstract

The research purpose – improving the efficiency of fertilizer with a justification of the coefficients of their consumption. To study the nutrient intake of basic grains was laid korotkorotatsionny 4-dipole field crop rotation with the following crop rotation: black couples – winter wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. Bookmark the experiments carried out with the main guidelines. The area of plots – 720 m 2, repeatedly – three times, placing plots – consistent. In calculating the rates of application of fertilizer for winter wheat, spring wheat and barley in the central agro-climatic zone of Samara Volga, be aware that the removal rates of nitrogen in winter wheat , spring wheat and spring barley are within 20,2-48,7; on phosphorus – within 8,9-28,7, and the content of potassium removal rates can vary from 26,2 to 85,7. Our studies have established the consumption of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers and calculate the odds of their use. It was revealed that most of the nitrogen was admitted to the plant from the soil. For the formation of 1 quintal of grain crops is required from 2,04 to 3,01 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and 0,92-1,22 kg 1,66-2,52 kg of potassium. With the application of mineral fertilizers removal of elements per unit increase in the average yield of nitrogen to 11,9-23,8% for phosphoru – on 6,6-9,7%, of potassium – on 16,2-30,7%.