Cropping Pattern, Mechanization, Child Labor, and Fertility Behavior in a Farming Economy: Rural Egypt

Abstract

tractor and the use of mechanical irrigation is increasing in the countryside. The significant policy issue is the role of government in encouraging or discouraging continued labor-saving mechanization. Present policy substantially encourages mechanization; diesel oil is available at prices considerably lower than those in many other countries; village banks provide farmers with equipment loans at rates below commercial levels; machinery is imported at favorable foreign exchange rates and is exempted from import duties. The most telling impact of these policies has been on the rapidly growing use of tractors and irrigation pumps, both of which are believed to displace labor, especially that of children. This article addresses the question of whether such changes have indeed had the desired effect on child employment and family size. Recent developments in the Egyptian agricultural sector also reveal significant changes in crop patterns. These favor fruit and vegeta