Abstract
Introduction. Interacting soil organisms support biological processes that participate in soil functions, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Earthworms and microorganisms play a range of beneficial roles in agricultural systems, including increased organic matter mineralization, nutrient cycling, and soil structure stabilization. Literature. The following aspects of crop residue management effects are examined in this paper: (i) earthworm composition and structure; (ii) soil microbial communities; and (iii) phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) element availability and distribution in the soil profile. Conventional tillage (ploughing) is often reported to generate decreased soil organism abundance and diversity, primarily earthworms and microorganisms, as well as a uniform distribution of the nutrients P and N within the ploughed soil horizon. Soil residue incorporation of mineral particles can maintain P and N levels, however returning soil also increases aeration and the activation of microbial activity. Hence, comparisons of tillage effects on soil biological functioning and nutrient cycling remain unclear. Conclusions. This review highlights the challenges in establishing definitive evidence regarding the effects of crop residue management on soil organisms and nutrient dynamics. The studies examined reported variability in soil and climate, and the complexity of soil processes contributed to the absence of clear findings. Further research is required under temperate climate conditions.
Highlights
Interacting soil organisms support biological processes that participate in soil functions, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient cycling
Earthworms and microorganisms play a range of beneficial roles in agricultural systems, including increased organic matter mineralization, nutrient cycling, and soil structure stabilization
The following aspects of crop residue management effects are examined in this paper: (i) earthworm composition and structure; (ii) soil microbial communities; and (iii) phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) element availability and distribution in the soil profile
Summary
Interacting soil organisms support biological processes that participate in soil functions, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The following aspects of crop residue management effects are examined in this paper: (i) earthworm composition and structure; (ii) soil microbial communities; and (iii) phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) element availability and distribution in the soil profile. Cet article met l’accent sur l’effet de la gestion des résidus de récolte sur (i) la composition et la structure de la communauté lombricienne, (ii) les communautés microbiennes du sol, (iii) la disponibilité et la distribution spatiale des teneurs en phosphore (P) et en azote (N) dans le sol. L’analyse bibliographique met en évidence la difficulté d’établir des relations pouvant exister entre la gestion des résidus de récolte, l’activité biologique du sol et la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs, notamment en raison de la variabilité agro-pédo-climatique régionale. Travail du sol, ver de terre, micro-organisme, phosphore, azote, climat tempéré
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