Abstract
An attempt has been made to study the impact of annual rainfall and its trend on crop production and productivity of different crops at Banka district of Bihar state by using 19 years rainfall data (2000-2018) and crop data for 21 years (1998-2017). In this district, rice is cultivated in 80% of area posing high risk of crop failure due to late onset and unusual behaviour of monsoon during kharif season. During rabi season, large area of the district is under wheat and low water demand crops like pulses and oilseeds cultivation. An average annual rainfall of 1063.1 mm was observed from 19 years rainfall data and a decreasing trend of annual rainfall was noticed in recent years. This changing rainfall pattern is the result of climate change and it responsible for drought like situation during monsoon month and heavy rainfall at crop maturity or harvesting stage which directly or indirectly damage the crop and its yield. The trend of area, production and productivity of major field crops (Rice, Wheat, Maize, Gram, Lentil and Rapeseed/Mustard) of Banka district was analysed for the period of 1998-2017. The results showed that there was a non-significant decreasing trend of acreage of all these crops were found mainly due to untimely and uneven distribution of rainfall. But a significant increasing trend of productivity was shown in all crops except rapeseed/mustard. The production trend of rice and maize crops are increasing with a significant value. From the analysis, it was concluded that the water requirement will increase in future. Therefore, it is suggested that water saving practices or techniques for water conservation and ground water recharge should be adopted over wide areas and short duration, drought resistant, less water loving crops or varieties need to be used in this district.
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