Abstract
In our previous study, we have shown that CRLF1 can promote proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); however, the mechanism is unclear. Herein, we investigated whether the interaction of CRLF1 and MYH9 regulates proliferation and metastasis of PTC cells via the ERK/ETV4 axis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR, and Western blotting assays were performed on PTC cells and normal thyroid cells to profile specific target genes. In vitro assays and in vivo assays were also conducted to examine the molecular mechanism. Results showed that CRLF1 directly bound MYH9 to enhance the stability of CRLF1 protein. Inhibition of MYH9 in PTC cells overexpressing CRLF1 significantly reversed malignant phenotypes, and CRLF1 overexpression activated ERK pathway, in vitro, and in vivo. RNA-sequencing revealed that ETV4 is a downstream target gene of CRLF1, which was up-regulated following ERK activation. Moreover, it was revealed that ETV4 is highly expressed in PTC tissues and is associated with poor prognosis. Finally, the ChIP assays showed that ETV4 induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) by binding to its promoter on PTC cells. Altogether, our study demonstrates that CRLF1 interacts with MYH9, promoting cell proliferation and metastasis via the ERK/ETV4 axis in PTC.
Highlights
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) contributes nearly 90% of all thyroid malignancies
Our study demonstrates that Cytokine Receptor-Like Factor 1 (CRLF1) interacts with MYH9, promoting cell proliferation and metastasis via the ERK/ETV4 axis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)
Further analysis revealed that CRLF1 interacted with MYH9 in PTC cells as evidenced by exogenous and endogenous Co-IP (Figures 1C,D and Figure S1C)
Summary
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) contributes nearly 90% of all thyroid malignancies. It is the most common endocrine cancer [1]. The pathogenesis of PTC is not fully understood. In PTC, CRLF1 enhances proliferation and invasion of PTC cells and activates the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in in vitro and in vivo settings [10]. It is currently not fully understood how CRLF1 regulates malignant phenotypes of PTC
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