Abstract
Cytokines and their receptors have a vital function in regulating various processes such as immune function, inflammation, haematopoiesis, cell growth and differentiation. The interaction between a cytokine and its specific receptor triggers intracellular signalling cascades that lead to altered gene expression in the target cell and consequent changes in its proliferation, differentiation, or activation. In this review, we highlight the role of the soluble type I cytokine receptor CRLF1 (cytokine receptor-like factor-1) and the Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine CLCF1 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1) during development in physiological and pathological conditions with particular emphasis on Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome (CS/CISS) and discuss new insights, challenges and possibilities arising from recent studies.
Highlights
A membrane-anchored cytokine receptor can be cleaved by a protease, resulting in a soluble receptor; a differential mRNA splicing can lead to a transcript encoding for a soluble form of the cytokine receptor; a soluble cytokine receptor can be released from cells via exosomes
CRLF1 and the IL-6 cytokine cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), focusing on their role in various processes. We describe their effects in development, in physiological and pathological states, focusing on Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome (CS/CISS) and discuss new insights, challenges, and opportunities resulting from recent studies on these cytokines
Similar studies conducted in SK-N-GP cells expressing the CNTFR complex showed that wild-type CLCF1 alone could induce STAT3 phosphorylation while the mutant R197L CLCF1 associated to CS/CISS2 failed [38]
Summary
Cytokines are a broad category of small secretory proteins (
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