Abstract
During fluid loading, the increase or the occurrence of a cerebral edema, a pulmonary edema or a right ventricle dilatation may indicate the cessation of blood volume expansion (VE). In critically ill neurologic patients, the effect of VE must be monitored on cerebral perfusion pressure. An induced pulmonary edema or hypoxemia are good indicators of VE cessation in patients breathing spontaneously, but these criteria are less accurate under mechanical ventilation. During circulatory failure and shock, the tolerance of VE may be assessed by Doppler echocardiography to detect an acute right ventricular dilatation or a paradoxical septum motion.
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