Abstract
A ballistic parameter that influences the ballistic performances of a high-performance yarn is the critical velocity. The critical velocity is defined as the projectile striking velocity that causes instantaneous rupture of the yarn upon impact. In this study, we performed ballistic experiments to determine the critical velocity of a Twaron® yarn transversely impacted by a razor blade. A high-speed camera was integrated into the experimental apparatus to capture the in-situ deformation of the yarn. The experimental critical velocity demonstrated a reduction compared to the critical velocity predicted by the classical theory. The high-speed images revealed the yarn specimen failed from the projectile side toward the free end when impacted by the razor blade. To improve the prediction capability, the Euler–Bernoulli beam and Hertzian contact models were used to predict the critical velocity. For the Euler–Bernoulli beam model, the critical velocity was obtained by assuming the specimen ruptured instantaneously when the maximum flexural strain reached the ultimate tensile strain of the yarn upon impact. On the other hand, for the Hertzian contact model, the yarn was assumed to fail when the indentation depth was equivalent to the diameter of the yarn. The errors between the average critical velocities determined from experiments and the predicted critical velocities were around 19% and 48% for the Euler–Bernoulli beam model and Hertzian contact model, respectively.
Highlights
The critical velocity is defined as the projectile striking velocity that causes instantaneous rupture of the specimen under transverse impact
The results showed that the yarns impacted by a razor blade had the lowest critical velocity, followed by 0.30-cal fragmented simulating projectile (FSP) and 0.30-cal round [2]
Ballistic experiments were performed to determine the critical velocity when the Twaron® yarn was transversely impacted by a razor blade
Summary
The critical velocity is defined as the projectile striking velocity that causes instantaneous rupture of the specimen under transverse impact. The classical theory developed by Smith et al [1] enabled some of the mechanical properties, such as transverse wave speed and critical velocity, to be predicted using only the axial mechanical properties. Several studies were performed in an effort to understand why such discrepancies exist between the critical velocity determined from the Smith theory and experiments. Bazhenov et al [7] shot a 3-cm spherical metal ball with a striking velocity of 670 m/s into an aramid yarn. These specimens fractured at a striking velocity lower than the theoretical critical velocity
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