Abstract
Critical thinking disposition represents an inclination of a person to use possessed skills in relation to critical thinking. The trend of critical thinking has been described as inner motivation to solve problems and make decisions by thinking. In nursing as a practical profession, the concept of critical thinking dispositions is important component in helping to manage complex health situations and to deal with patient issues effectively. Willingness to think critically is a prerequisite for safe and subtly performance. The results of studies show critical thinking dispositions of nursing students in Asian countries are different from non-Asian countries. Aim of this literature review was to compare critical thinking dispositions of nursing students in Asian and non-Asian countries. Literature review was done in English and Persian databases. The results showed of the 795 articles published in English and Persian language that studied critical thinking, 73 ones studied critical thinking skills and dispositions in nursing education, and relationship between teaching methods and critical thinking skills and dispositions in nursing education of different countries. Fifteen of seventy three articles assessed critical thinking dispositions in nursing students. Limited studies showed that the Asian nursing students had mostly undermining score of the critical thinking dispositions, while non-Asian countries tend to positive scores. The reasons for these differences could be due to issues such as environmental, educational methods and cultural differences. However, future studies should measure critical thinking disposition by discipline-based tools.
Highlights
Literature on critical thinking shows that there is little agreement about the concept of critical thinking. Dewey (1910), from a philosophical view, proposed that critical thinking involves probing, discriminating and testing ideas as well as exploring various options on an issue. Paul (1992) described critical thinking as the ‘art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better; more clear, more accurate and more defensible’ (p. 11)
The results showed of the 795 articles published in English and Persian language that studied critical thinking, 73 ones studied critical thinking skills and dispositions in nursing education, and relationship between teaching methods and critical thinking skills and dispositions in nursing education of different countries
The two of them have been conducted by the same authors in the same place. The results of these studies showed a low level of critical thinking disposition in nursing students that indicate undermining score (210-280) and no one had a positive or stable critical thinking disposition (>280) (Barkhordary, Jalalmanesh, & Mahmoodi, 2009, 2011)
Summary
Literature on critical thinking shows that there is little agreement about the concept of critical thinking. Dewey (1910), from a philosophical view, proposed that critical thinking involves probing, discriminating and testing ideas as well as exploring various options on an issue. Paul (1992) described critical thinking as the ‘art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better; more clear, more accurate and more defensible’ (p. 11). Ennis (1987) and Halpern (1998) defined the term critical thinking as represents a set of cognitive skills and dispositions which are conducive to decision making and problem solving in different situations. According to Facione, Facione, and Sanchez (1994), a critical thinking disposition represents an inclination of a person to use possessed skills in relation to critical thinking. The trend of critical thinking has been described as inner motivation to solve problems and make decisions by thinking (Huan & Vickie, 2008). The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgements, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, www.ccsenet.org/gjhs
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