Abstract
The Pannonian basin is a major geothermal heat system in Central Europe. Its peripheral basin, the East Slovakian basin, is an example of a geothermal structure with a linear, directed heat flow ranging from 90 to 100 mW/m2 from west to east. However, the use of the geothermal source is limited by several critical tectono-geologic factors: (a) Tectonics, and the associated disintegration of the aquifer block by multiple deformations during the pre-Paleogene, mainly Miocene, period. The main discontinuities of NW-SE and N-S direction negatively affect the permeability of the aquifer environment. For utilization, minor NE-SW dilatation open fractures are important, which have been developed by sinistral transtension on N–S faults and accelerated normal movements to the southeast. (b) Hydrogeologically, the geothermal structure is accommodated by three water types, namely, Na-HCO3 with 10.9 g·L−1 mineralization (in the north), the Ca-Mg-HCO3 with 0.5–4.5 g·L−1 mineralization (in the west), and Na-Cl water type containing 26.8–33.4 g·L−1 mineralization (in the southwest). The chemical composition of the water is influenced by the Middle Triassic dolomite aquifer, as well as by infiltration of saline solutions and meteoric waters along with open fractures/faults. (c) Geothermally anomalous heat flow of 123–129 °C with 170 L/s total flow near the Slanské vchy volcanic chain seems to be the perspective for heat production.
Highlights
Geothermal energy represents a very attractive, economic, and ecologic energy source.The utilization of geothermal energy for commercial purposes, which is mainly a result of the increase of world fuel prices, as well as new technologies, proved to be an essential action for the realization of programs benefiting from this heat source
The necessity of the use of renewable energy resources in Slovakia stems from both international trends, above all the countries of European communities, and from the increase of fuel prices on the world markets
The increased interest in renewable resources stems from the high priority in the human environment
Summary
The utilization of geothermal energy for commercial purposes, which is mainly a result of the increase of world fuel prices, as well as new technologies, proved to be an essential action for the realization of programs benefiting from this heat source. The necessity of the use of renewable energy resources (including geothermal energy) in Slovakia stems from both international trends, above all the countries of European communities, and from the increase of fuel prices on the world markets. The increased interest in renewable resources stems from the high priority in the human environment. All these factors caused that the topic of renewable energy is an important agenda for scientists, and for politicians and business activities. An estimation of the worldwide installed thermal power at the end of 2019 is 107.7 GW which is a 52%
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