Abstract
Decisions regarding neutralizing airborne threats in the combat environment require comprehensive knowledge of resources at hand and enemy intentions. The complexity of the situation has resulted in the emergence of various models encompassing important factors of threat neutralization. Various characteristics of airborne threats considered important for their assessment have already been identified in previous literature, which include speed, distance, approach angle, maneuverability, and so on. Due to the possible extent of loss to critical assets, literature has emphasized on identifying as many useful characteristics of threats as possible. This study is also a step in this direction to improve the weapon assignment for threat neutralization. Weapon assignment based on a well-calculated threat index is a key to success in military conflicts. The purpose of this article is to identify new factors through the involvement of experts. In this study, a set of factors has been identified through a survey of relevant literature and semi-structured interviews followed by its refinement through a three-round Delphi study. The results suggest that airborne threats are considered different from other threats due to their lethality and consequences. The top-level decision-makers require a comprehensive understanding of the criticality of the situation and the effects of poor decisions. Besides other factors, weapon stock, supply chain information, and analysis of vulnerable assets/points in threat neutralization are critical to accomplish higher efficiency. The shortlisted factors yield a foundation of a comprehensive framework for decision making in a highly dynamic environment of air defense.
Highlights
Air defense (AD) means safeguarding the country’s territorial boundaries and air space against the enemy’s threats mostly through the use of fighter aircraft and ground-based AD systems (Delaney, 1990)
In the rapidly changing world of technology, the concept of threat neutralization (TN) in AD sector is evolving continuously, extending from a traditional concept to more agile and rapid response considering the orientation of weapon deployment (WD) and criticality of VA/ VPs
TN, in wartime, is a crucial and time-critical activity and there is a dearth of studies exclusively in the field
Summary
Air defense (AD) means safeguarding the country’s territorial boundaries and air space against the enemy’s threats mostly through the use of fighter aircraft and ground-based AD systems (Delaney, 1990). Decisions to neutralize targets in a dynamic hostile environment are assisted by various optimization algorithm implemented through decision support systems (DSS; Mardani et al, 2015; Roux & Van Vuuren, 2007). Various techniques have been proposed for optimal decision making, including game theory (Shan & Zhuang, 2013), Bayesian network and fuzzy logic (Johansson & Falkman, 2008), Morkov survivability model (Erlandsson & Niklasson, 2014), two-integer linear programming (Karasakal, 2008), Gray Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method (Yun-feng et al, 2011), genetic algorithm, integer programming, greedy algorithm, brute-force algorithm (Bayrak & Polat, 2013), and so on. The objective of this study is to identify factors which may be used as an input to any technique used or implemented
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