Abstract
Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTAUC) is a power density-dependent process where photons of low energy are transformed into high energy ones. The most important attributes of efficient ...
Highlights
Photon upconversion based on triplet−triplet annihilation represents an attractive approach to turn the photons of higher wavelengths into lower ones by using noncoherent excitation sources.[1−3] Nowadays, the method draws a lot of attention because of its broad applicability, spanning from organic electronics to bionanotechnology.[4−8] The process relies on an interplay between two pairs of photoactive molecules, namely a sensitizer and an annihilator
In excellent agreement with previous studies, our results indicate that high energy gap between a sensitizer and an annihilator triplet states makes forward triplet energy transfer (TTET) process enthalpy-driven and diffusion-controlled
This combined with high ΦISC, long triplet lifetime, and high molecular extinction coefficient of a sensitizer at the excitation wavelength leads to high TTAUC yields and extremely low Ith values without any negative effects of high sensitizer concentrations
Summary
Photon upconversion based on triplet−triplet annihilation represents an attractive approach to turn the photons of higher wavelengths into lower ones by using noncoherent excitation sources.[1−3] Nowadays, the method draws a lot of attention because of its broad applicability, spanning from organic electronics to bionanotechnology.[4−8] The process relies on an interplay between two pairs of photoactive molecules, namely a sensitizer and an annihilator. The cumulative effect of sensitizer triplet lifetime (τ0S), sensitizer-annihilator triplet energy gap (ΔET), and the total concentration of the sensitizer on the power density threshold at high TTAUC quantum yields is evaluated experimentally using Pt, Pd, and
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