Abstract
Spinal cord injury induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that includes marked changes in the variety of endogenous CNS cell types specially microglia. In response to spinal injury, microglia undergo dramatic changes in cell morphology and promote inflammatory responses, which result in production of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress including reactive oxygen species. Further pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are also rapidly up-regulated and likely contribute to microglial activation. This topic review will explore the current research on microglial responses to spinal injury and the recent progress in the pharmacologic and molecular targeting of microglia in spinal injury. Finally, we explore the argument for a positive versus negative role of microglia after spinal cord injury.
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