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Abstract
BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant clinical syndrome. Neuroinflammation is an important pathological process for POCD. However, it is not clear how systemic inflammation induced by surgery on peripheral tissues or organs is transmitted into the brain. We determined whether matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), a protein that can increase blood-brain barrier permeability, is critical in this transmission. The role of MMP9 in age-dependent cognitive decline was also determined.MethodsTwo-month old male C57BL/6J wild-type mice and MMP9-/- mice were randomly assigned to control or surgery groups. The surgery was right carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia. Cognitive function was tested from one week after the surgery by Barnes maze and fear conditioning. Cognitive function of 2-month old C57BL/6J mice was compared with that of 18-month old mice.ResultsSurgery increased the expression of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1, inflammation indicators, in the brain of the wild-type mice. Blood-brain barrier permeability was increased by surgery. Surgery also impaired the learning and memory of these mice. These surgical effects were absent in the MMP9-/- mice. Eighteen-month old wild-type mice had poorer performance in Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests and lower MMP9 protein expression and activity than did the 2-month old mice.ConclusionMMP9 is critical for transmission of systemic inflammation into the brain for POCD. MMP9 may also play a role in age-dependent cognitive decline.
Highlights
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant clinical syndrome affecting 30 to 40% patients at hospital discharge and about 10% patients 3 months after non-cardiac surgeries [1]
Blood-brain barrier permeability was increased by surgery
matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) is critical for transmission of systemic inflammation into the brain for POCD
Summary
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant clinical syndrome affecting 30 to 40% patients at hospital discharge and about 10% patients 3 months after non-cardiac surgeries [1]. We and others have shown that neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological process for POCD [3, 4]. It is not clear how systemic inflammation induced by surgery can be transduced into the brain. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant clinical syndrome. Neuroinflammation is an important pathological process for POCD It is not clear how systemic inflammation induced by surgery on peripheral tissues or organs is transmitted into the brain. The role of MMP9 in age-dependent cognitive decline was determined
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