Abstract
Ethylene oxychlorination is the key technology in vinyl chloride (VCM, the monomer of PVC, polyvinyl chloride) production to close the chlorine loop by consuming the HCl released from the former cr...
Highlights
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastic materials that has a wide range of applications, such as in households and construction, electronics, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries.[1]
One is direct hydrochlorination of acetylene;[4,5] another is cracking of ethylene dichloride (EDC) provided by direct chlorination[6−9] and/or oxychlorination of ethylene.[10−12] The combination of direct chlorination, ethylene oxychlorination, and EDC cracking is named as the “balanced VCM process” (Figure 1).[13]
Particular attention will be paid to the effect of catalyst properties on the individual reaction steps in a catalytic cycle including reduction of CuCl2 by ethylene, oxidation of cuprous chloride (CuCl) by oxygen, and hydrochlorination of Cu2OCl2 by HCl and their effect on the dynamic evolution of active sites in the redox cycle, which is the key toward effective catalysts
Summary
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastic materials that has a wide range of applications, such as in households and construction, electronics, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries.[1]. The oxychlorination of lower hydrocarbons (C1−C4) was an active research topic for both academic research and industrial applications, and the topic was reviewed by two groups in the 1980s including thermodynamics, catalysts, kinetics, mechanisms, as well as the technology of the process.[16,20] Recently Lin et al.[1] have reviewed different processes for halogenmediated conversion of hydrocarbons to commodities, among which the PVC (or VCM) production is one of the important topics. Despite the excellent reviews, a critical review for ethylene oxychlorination which has played such a vital role in VCM production is still missing, which is essential for gaining a better understanding of the reaction and developing more efficient catalysts. Particular attention will be paid to the effect of catalyst properties on the individual reaction steps in a catalytic cycle including reduction of CuCl2 by ethylene, oxidation of CuCl by oxygen, and hydrochlorination of Cu2OCl2 by HCl and their effect on the dynamic evolution of active sites in the redox cycle, which is the key toward effective catalysts
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