Abstract
To identify critical requirements for nursing practice when responding to hydrological disasters in the rural area. A descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study was developed. The Critical Incidents Technique was adopted. Twenty public health nurses who worked during the flood season in the years of 2014 and 2015 in a rural area in Southern Brazil were interviewed. Content analysis of the data was developed. Critical requirements for nurses' practice were derived from the situations (n=78), critical behaviors (n=98) and consequences to the population (n=43) and to the nurses (n=38) identified. Although the requirements could be related to the established international referential for nurses' practice in disasters, some were described only in this study. They can contribute to the education and practice of nurses in primary health care, strengthening its capacity to face disaster situations by flood in the rural area.
Highlights
Disasters have drawn attention worldwide, because of the growth in their number and intensity, with social and economic consequences and human, material and environmental damage
Brazil detects a great amount of floods and sliding(3) which result in difficult access to public health services, caused by lack of transportation, due to poor conditions of the roads(4)
Floods had a significant impact on the affected rural population
Summary
Disasters have drawn attention worldwide, because of the growth in their number and intensity, with social and economic consequences and human, material and environmental damage. With the largest share of natural disasters, hydrological disasters (floods and wet mass movements) caused 32 million victims and accounted for 46.5% of the total deaths In 2013(1) This situation has become worrying in the rural context because in this context natural resources are decreasing, poverty is frequent and conditions of access to health care services are precarious, affecting current global rural population health condition(2). The unexpected transition after natural disasters by flood has impacted services routines, indicating the necessity of health professional preparation to mitigate their consequences and face emerging needs, with measures to preserve the environment and provide health care. This type of disaster increases demands for health services, especially in primary health care(5). Rural nurses are expected to demonstrate excellence in clinical decision making and function in a more independent, generalized fashion, in primary health care response depends on a synchronized action taken by a multidisciplinary team, from whom a series of requirements are expected, in order to ensure qualified and priority care
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