Abstract
Meiosis is essential to the continuity of life in sexually-reproducing organisms through the formation of haploid gametes. Unlike somatic cells, the germ cells undergo two successive rounds of meiotic divisions after a single cycle of DNA replication, resulting in the decrease in ploidy. In humans, errors in meiotic progression can cause infertility and birth defects. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and sumoylation have emerged as important regulatory events in meiosis. There are dynamic equilibrium of protein phosphorylation and protein dephosphorylation in meiotic cell cycle process, regulated by a conservative series of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Among these protein phosphatases, PP2A, PP4, and PP6 constitute the PP2A-like subfamily within the serine/threonine protein phosphatase family. Herein, we review recent discoveries and explore the role of PP2A-like protein phosphatases during meiotic progression.
Highlights
In eukaryotes, reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins represents an prominent type of post-translational modification that has an crucial effect on controlling some cellular processes and events (Hunter, 1995)
Meiosis is a peculiar type of division in which one single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential rounds of chromosome segregation, which is an important procedure for gamogenesis
Meiotic division occurs in all eukaryotes and is an intricate event that is needed to change the cell cycle (Wolgemuth and Roberts, 2010)
Summary
Received: December 2020 Accepted: February 2021 Published: 25 February 2021. Citation: Lei W-L, Qian W-P and Sun Q-Y (2021) Critical Functions of PP2A-Like Protein Phosphotases in Regulating. The germ cells undergo two successive rounds of meiotic divisions after a single cycle of DNA replication, resulting in the decrease in ploidy. Errors in meiotic progression can cause infertility and birth defects. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and sumoylation have emerged as important regulatory events in meiosis. There are dynamic equilibrium of protein phosphorylation and protein dephosphorylation in meiotic cell cycle process, regulated by a conservative series of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Among these protein phosphatases, PP2A, PP4, and PP6 constitute the PP2A-like subfamily within the serine/threonine protein phosphatase family. We review recent discoveries and explore the role of PP2A-like protein phosphatases during meiotic progression
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