Abstract
The button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is an economically important crop worldwide. Many aspects of its cultivation are well known, except for the precise biological triggers for its fructification. By and large, for most basidiomycete species, nutrient availability, light and a drop in temperature are critical factors for fructification. A. bisporus deviates from this pattern in the sense that it does not require light for fructification. Furthermore its fructification seems to be inhibited by a self-generated factor which needs to be removed by microorganisms in order to initiate fruiting. This review explores what is known about the morphogenesis of fruiting initiation in A. bisporus, the microflora, the self-inhibitors for fruiting initiation and transcription factors involved. This information is subsequently contrasted with an overall model of the regulatory system involved in the initiation of the formation of primordia in basidiomycetes. The comparison reveals a number of the blank spots in our understanding of the fruiting process in A. bisporus.
Highlights
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most abundantly cultivated mushroom species worldwide [1].In Europe and North America it is the prime mushroom species
Several authors have shown that a bacterial population develops in the casing soil when it becomes colonized by Agaricus bisporus [32,33,34,35]
The amount of bacteria increases upon casing colonization with A. bisporus, and bacterial populations may differ in composition between different types casing layers and even between the mycelial strands or the surrounding casing, the general trend is the presence of Pseudomonas species
Summary
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most abundantly cultivated mushroom species worldwide [1]. Fresh A. bisporus mushrooms can be found in different colours (white, off-white, brown), sizes (ranging from small mushrooms with 15 mm cap diameter to large mushrooms with a cap diameter of 50 mm and even larger) and levels of maturation (fully closed caps up to fully opened caps). Growers are trying to target their mushroom crop towards the desired product types (cap sizes, level of maturation) their customers require. To be able to do so, for growers it is of prime importance to have control over the number of primordia that are formed and the number of primordia that develop into mature mushrooms. These numbers largely determine the size, quality and picking costs of their product
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