Abstract
Electronic tongue systems equipped with cross-sensitive potentiometric sensors have been applied to pharmaceutical analysis, due to the possibility of various applications and developing new formulations. Many studies already proved the complementarity between the electronic tongue and classical analysis such as dissolution tests indicated by Pharmacopeias. However, as a new approach to study pharmaceuticals, electronic tongues lack strict testing protocols and specification limits; therefore, their results can be improperly interpreted and inconsistent with the reference studies. Therefore, all aspects of the development, measurement conditions, data analysis, and interpretation of electronic tongue results were discussed in this overview. The critical evaluation of the effectiveness and reliability of constructed devices may be helpful for a better understanding of electronic tongue systems development and for providing strict testing protocols.
Highlights
Growing awareness and requirements of consumers and manufacturers lead to increased and more advanced quality control of raw materials, final products, and entire production processes.Well-known instrumental methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy are routinely employed for quality control in laboratories worldwide
According to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) definition, an electronic tongue (ET) is a device combining an array of low-selective sensors and advanced mathematic procedures used for signal processing based on the pattern recognition (PARC) and/or multivariate data analysis methods such as PCA or ANNs [2]
Electronic tongue systems equipped with cross-sensitive potentiometric electrodes are gaining special interest in pharmaceutical analysis due to the possibility of various applications: studying taste masking effects, investigating the release kinetics of pharmaceuticals, and developing new formulations
Summary
Well-known instrumental methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy are routinely employed for quality control in laboratories worldwide Despite their numerous advantages, they require sample pre-treatment and heavy laboratory facilities, which involve high maintenance and operation costs. One potential approach to this challenge is a multisensory device, referred to as electronic tongue, which is dedicated to automatic qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex liquid samples and to recognition of their characteristic properties [1]. According to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) definition, an electronic tongue (ET) is a device combining an array of low-selective sensors and advanced mathematic procedures used for signal processing based on the pattern recognition (PARC) and/or multivariate data analysis methods such as PCA (principal component analysis) or ANNs (artificial neural networks) [2]
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