Critical dynamics of the O(n)-symmetric relaxational models below the transition temperature.

Abstract

The critical dynamics of the O(n)-symmetric relaxational models with either nonconserved (model A) or conserved order parameter (model B) are studied below the transition temperature. As a consequence of Goldstone's theorem, the transverse modes are massless, implying infrared divergences in the theory along the entire coexistence curve. These Goldstone singularities can be treated within the field-theoretical formulation of the dynamical renormalization group by using the generalized regularization scheme as introduced by Amit and Goldschmidt, which has already been applied on the statics of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{4}$ model below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ by Lawrie. We extend the formalism in several respects: (i) we generalize it to dynamical phenomena, (ii) taking advantage of the fact that the theory is exactly treatable in the coexistence limit, we do not use the \ensuremath{\epsilon} expansion; (iii) the flow equations are solved numerically, thus allowing for a detailed description of the crossover from the critical isotropic Heisenberg fixed point to the infrared-stable coexistence fixed point. We calculate the static susceptibilities as well as the dynamical correlation functions for models A and B within the complete crossover region, identifying the asymptotic coexistence anomalies and also a pronounced intermediate minimum of the effective critical exponents. Furthermore, the longitudinal dynamical correlation function ${\mathit{G}}_{\mathit{L}}$(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) displays an anomalous line shape.