Abstract
A theoretical formula of the current necessary to reverse a perpendicular magnetization by the spin torque effect is derived by solving the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. Our formula reproduces the critical current formulas in previous works under several limiting conditions such as an infinite pulse duration of current and low damping. On the other hand, our formula gives a different estimation of the critical current when the pulse duration and/or damping are finite. The comparison with numerical simulation confirms that the derived formula provides a highly accurate estimation of the critical current for a wide range of pulse durations and damping constants.
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