Abstract
Photoreduction of CO2 into value‐added fuels is one of the most promising strategies for tackling the energy crisis and mitigating the “greenhouse effect.” Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated in the field of CO2 photoreduction owing to their high CO2 uptake and adjustable functional groups. The fundamental factors and state‐of‐the‐art advancements in MOFs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are summarized from the critical perspectives of light absorption, carrier dynamics, adsorption/activation, and reaction on the surface of photocatalysts, which are the three main critical aspects for CO2 photoreduction and determine the overall photocatalytic efficiency. In view of the merits of porous materials, recent progress of three other types of porous materials are also briefly summarized, namely zeolite‐based, covalent–organic frameworks based (COFs‐based), and porous semiconductor or organic polymer based photocatalysts. The remarkable performance of these porous materials for solar‐driven CO2 reduction systems is highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities of porous materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are presented, aiming to provide a new viewpoint for improving the overall photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency with porous materials.
Highlights
Photoreduction of CO2 into value-added fuels is one of the most surface temperature are ever-increasing rapidly, which indicates that the “greenpromising strategies for tackling the energy crisis and mitigating the house effect” will increase profoundly if “greenhouse effect.” Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated in the field of CO2 photoreduction owing to their high CO2 uptake and adjustable functional groups
The development of porous materials with high catalytic efficiency is an important research area given their diverse chemical structures and multitudinous applications (Table 2). This progress report summarizes the recent advances in MOFsbased materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction from three critical photocatalytic aspects, say light absorption, carrier dynamics, and relationship between CO2 uptake capacity and activity
Porous materials can be used as solid state photocatalysts that will harvest visible light and provide active catalytic centers simultaneously within a single structure
Summary
Photoreduction of CO2 into chemical feedstocks is a promising solution to energy crisis and environmental problems. Semiconductor adsorbs sunlight of energy ≥Eg (bandgap) and generates electron–hole pairs simultaneously. Photogenerated electrons transfer from valence band (VB) to conduction band (CB), leading to the separation of electron–hole pairs. The excited electrons and holes are transferred to the surface to take part in reduction reaction and oxidation reaction process, respectively. Porous materials exhibit a similar photocatalytic process to that of inorganic semiconductors. The following features make porous materials promising candidate for CO2 photoreduction:[50,51] i) High CO2 adsorption capacity makes the reaction site active to the adsorbed CO2 molecules, facilitates the performance of photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The performance of CO2 photoreduction still suffers low efficiency owing to three key aspects: insufficient utilization of visible-light, negative electron–hole separation, and high inertness of active sites. In the part, we summarize the existing strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency for CO2 reduction through tackling those three critical challenges
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