Abstract
Since it was introduced by Noon in 1911, allergen-specific immunotherapy or desensitization has been widely prescribed in the management of allergic diseases. Aimed at the etiology, it represents the only effective treatment for allergy.The basic mechanisms of immunotherapy are becoming better understood and allow us to improve this technique in the future. The sublingual immunotherapy as an alternative to subcutaneous route has been widely studied. Several clinical trials confirmed that sublingual immunotherapy is efficient in reducing allergic respiratory symptoms. The sublingual immunotherapy reduces the risk of developing serious side effects due to desensitization.We performed a literature review in order to remind the mechanisms of action and to demonstrate efficacy and tolerability of the sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma and its impact on the quality of life.
Highlights
Since it was introduced by Noon in 1911, allergen-specific immunotherapy or desensitization has been widely prescribed in the management of allergic diseases
Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been the conventional mode of therapy for patients with seasonal allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (ARC) and milder asthma that is unresponsive to pharmacotherapy [3]
Alternaria, grass mix, Moderate evidence supports that sublingual tree mix, birch, parietaria, immunotherapy use decreases rhinitis or ragweed, cat, olive, cedar, rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, with 9 of 36 studies timothy grass demonstrating greater than 40% improvement vs the comparator
Summary
Like others allergic respiratory diseases, is a frequently encountered disease, and one that has a potentially serious impact on patient’s function and quality of life (QOL). Allergy is a highly prevalent clinical condition It can be managed by the simple avoidance of the allergen, an anti-allergic such as antihistamines, a pathophysiological treatment such as corticosteroids or symptomatic treatment such as bronchodilators in case of asthma. It is expected that the treatment regimen will make the patient tolerant to the offending allergen and suppress future undesired responses to the allergen(s) through modulation of the patient’s immune system [4,5] This effective form of treatment is hindered by: 1/A prolonged injection schedule, 2/Patient non-compliance due to the frequent visits to the physician needed by the regimen and the delayed impact on the symptoms, 3/The discomfort associated with injections and, 4/The recognized risk of severe allergic reaction [3,6e8]. In comparison with the subcutaneous immunotherapy, SLIT provides an additional local mechanism in oral mucosa and/or regional lymph nodes and leads to less systemic effects [8]
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