Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent oral malignant neoplasm. Early diagnosis is key in successful treatment of this neoplasia. The aims of this study are to report a case of an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma, to discuss the factors involved in the late diagnosis of an advanced lesion, and to make a critical appraisal of the Brazilian health system and the difficulties found in referring these patients. A male patient, 50 years of age with a history of chronic alcoholism and tobacco use, presented with a proliferative ulcer with an indurated, raised margin, involving the left palate, the lower gingiva, and the buccal mucosa extending and overlying the skin. The extraoral incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and the patient was referred to an oncologist. The factors that delay this diagnosis are: misinformation, self-care negligence, and socioeconomic patient aspects; inappropriate oral mucosa examination; unfamiliarity with oral diseases; and difficulties with referral for oncologic treatment. The diagnostic delay results in greater morbidity and mortality due to the disease.
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