Abstract
Incentive Based (IB) and Command and Control (CAC) instruments are identified in various legislative Acts and Policy documents based on the criteria of environmental economics. Despite the advantages of IB strategies the world of policy making is somewhat locked into the path of traditional approaches such as CAC and pose inertia to move forward in environmental policy making. An ethical shift is inevitable anywhere where there is a market failure and increased social costs and inefficiencies in government interventions to regulate the market. Regulations are discrete steps to address feedbacks in a complex system. Policy evaluation and testing criteria is used to evaluate and test the policies regulating marble extraction and processing in Pakistan. A set of policy and regulatory instruments are selected to be critiqued. The coexisting policy approaches found in the study shall be tested on system dynamics model for developing insights and long-term implications.
Highlights
Marble industry being polluter to water, air and land needs investigation on what regulatory pressures exist at present and what measures are contributing towards mitigating air and water pollution
Pakistan being water scarce country needs to adopt two approaches: adaptation and mitigation in water intensive sectors such as dimensions stone sector which is indirectly prone to be affected by Climate change [2]
The dynamic approaches such as system dynamics offer a promising paradigm to study multi-sectoral policies together to develop the insights into the policies that deals with a complex problem of the society, economy and environment of a region
Summary
Marble industry being polluter to water, air and land needs investigation on what regulatory pressures exist at present and what measures are contributing towards mitigating air and water pollution. It is desired to examine some traditional and emerging policy instruments for air and water pollution, direct and indirect costs incurring from the current state of industrial operations (Policy costs) and to analyze merits and drawbacks of the policies using environmental economics tools [3]. The dynamic approaches such as system dynamics offer a promising paradigm to study multi-sectoral policies together to develop the insights into the policies that deals with a complex problem of the society, economy and environment of a region. Pakistan historically was not water stressed but recently it is becoming a water scarce country to the extent that it is feared that by 2025 the country will run out of water as it happened in Cape town South Africa [7]
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