Abstract
Stability of the knee depends on the alignment of the long bones, the structure of the articular cartilage or the soft tissue structures surrounding the knee mainly the ligaments and the capsule. Varus deformity of the knee increases the load on the medial compartment causing progressive degenerative changes leading to medial compartmental osteoarthritis. Julies Wolff in the early 19th century defined Wolff's Law which states that bone in a healthy organism will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. This means that biological responses can be mathematically determined in relation to mechanical forces in remodelling.
Highlights
Stability of the knee depends on the alignment of the long bones, the structure of the articular cartilage or the soft tissue structures surrounding the knee mainly the ligaments and the capsule
Varus deformity of the knee increases the load on the medial compartment causing progressive degenerative changes leading to medial compartmental osteoarthritis
A study was reported by Franceschi et al [9] in 2008 of 8 patients who were evaluated for a period of 28 months after simultaneous autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) for chondral defects in varus knee
Summary
Stability of the knee depends on the alignment of the long bones, the structure of the articular cartilage or the soft tissue structures surrounding the knee mainly the ligaments and the capsule. This summary is aimed to critically evaluate the role of combining biological management along with biomechanical management in medial compartment lesions of the knee. There is a failure of the biological component, i.e. the cartilage or the biomechanical component which is the mechanical axis of the lower limb.
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