Criteria for Psychological Assessment of Parents’ Position in The Process of Rehabilitation of Children Who Have Suffered Severe Trauma

Abstract

Psychological support of the family whose child is in rehabilitation after severe injury is one of the important areas of medical psychologist activities. The psychologist is to involve parents into the rehabilitation process as active participants. Thus, at the initial stage of support, the psychologist’s task is to identify unproductive parental patterns and correct them in a timely manner.The aim of the study is to develop psychological criteria for assessing the parental position in the situation of rehabilitation of children with severe trauma.MATERIAL AND METHODS The trial setting was the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia. 40 parents of children with severe trauma were included in the study. Research instruments were as follows: overt observation of parent-child interaction based on selected evaluation criteria, clinical interviews as well as analysis of homework assignments with the child. To assess parental position in the rehabilitation process, a number of criteria were formed: involvement in the rehabilitation process, attitude towards their child and child’s trauma, attitude towards their child’s independence, attitude towards their parental role as well as the attitude towards the outcome of rehabilitation.RESULTS Types of parental position in the process of the child’s rehabilitation were clarified and updated; its subtypes were defined and characterized. So, according to the criterion “Involvement in the rehabilitation process”, the following distribution by sample was observed: passive (10% of parents), formal (20% of parents), controlling (25% of parents) and productive (45% of parents). According to the criterion “Attitude towards their child” — rejecting (7% of parents), condoning (18% of parents), dominant (35% of parents), accepting (40% of parents). According to the criterion “Attitude towards their child’s trauma” — superficial (10% of parents), defective-directed (32% of parents), positively-directed (18% of parents), adequate (40% of parents). According to the criterion “Attitude towards their child’s independence” — directive (22% of parents), hyper-protective (25% of parents), permissive (18% of parents), democratic (35% of parents). According to the criterion “Attitude towards their parental role” — unformed (17% of parents), dependent (25% of parents), rigid (30% of parents), reflexive (28% of parents). According to the criterion “Attitude towards the outcome of rehabilitation” — amorphous (15% of parents), anxious (15% of parents), categorical (35% of parents), and flexible (35% of parents).CONCLUSIONS The performed psychological assessment of parental position in the process of their child’ rehabilitation after severe injury has revealed important intra-group differences, indicating that a significant part of parents need psychological help, since they cannot independently come to productive forms of interaction with their child in the process of his rehabilitation.