Abstract
Comprehensive metallographic studies of steel forgings with different machinability by cutting with an edge tool were also completed. Structural features and properties of steel were revealed, having adversely influence on tool life and the process of chip formation during cutting. Metal Science criteria have been given for assessing the manufacturability of steel at machining operations. Microstructures of steel with satisfactory and unsatisfactory machinability are presented. The technological parameters of heat treatment of steel 18HGR have been established, causing a show of banding of ferrite-pearlite structure. The thermokinetic diagram shows an area of development of the segregation banding structure. An important role in assessing the manufacturability of steels is shown of the microhardness of individual structural components and the difference in values between them. The best results in machinability by cutting are observed when the microhardness of pearlite is not more than 350 HV, ferrite is not more than 210 HV and the difference in microhardness between these components is not more than 80 HV.
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