Abstract
Conceptually, identifying the authors of a scientific article is straightforward. They are those who have made substantial intellectual contributions to a published study. However, scientific authorship has important academic and financial implications that have often resulted in the inappropriate inclusion of “honorary” authors or, less commonly, the exclusion of junior authors. This issue is discussed in the ethics section of the current issue in an excellent contribution by Jones, McCullough, and Richman. Since 2001, the Journal has required that authors specify their roles and meet the requirements for authorship as specified in the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.” These indicate that each author must contribute to a manuscript in each of the following three areas:
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