Abstract
AbstractGenome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 has now become an effective tool for gene function analysis and crop improvement. Recent advances in this technology enable efficient targeted modification for various trait improvements in crop plants. CRISPR/Cas-based multigene editing in plants is known to edit the targets in various ways that include introduction of alien DNA inserts, generation of knockout mutations and altering of nitrogenous bases via deamination. The most crucial steps of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing are the selection of appropriate target region, designing suitable guide RNAs, generation of genetically engineered constructs and finally transformation of the plant system by CRISPR/Cas components. In this chapter, we have focused on recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants, their applications in plant genome editing, various base-editing tools that enable targeted nucleotide substitutions, delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into living cells, their editing specificity and homology-directed repair in crop improvement. We have also summarized the applications of multigene editing for various trait improvements and techniques involved for fine-tuning gene regulation in crop plants, current limitation of CRISPR/Cas technology and future prospects of genome editing for its bright future in agriculture.KeywordsCRISPR/CasCpf1Cas13MultiplexMultigeneTarget specificityCrop improvement
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