Abstract
Outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) that started in Wuhan, and has become a global problem because of the high rate of human-to-human transmission and severe respiratory infections. Because of high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, which threatens many people worldwide, rapid diagnosis and simple treatment are needed. Genome editing is a nucleic acid-based approach to altering the genome by artificially changes in genetic information and induce irreversible changes in the function of target gene. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) could be a practical and straightforward approach to this disease. CRISPR/Cas system contains Cas protein, which is controlled by a small RNA molecule to create a double-stranded DNA gap. Evidence suggested that CRISPR/Cas was also usable for diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review study, we discoursed on application of CRISPR technology in detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Another aspect of this study was to introduce potential future problems in use of CRISPR/Cas technology.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was spread in December 2019 and was recognized as a zoonotic disease (Drosten et al, 2017; Andersen et al, 2020)
We discoursed on application of CRISPR technology in detection and treatment of SARSCoV-2 infection
It was reported that the prophylactic CRISPR antiviral approach in human lung epithelial cells (PAC-MAN) was identified as a potentially helpful new technique to stop viral traits and replication and that the PAC-MAN approach was identified as a type of genetic intervention to target Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus family (CoVs)-2 and potentially all sequenced coronaviruses (Figure 3)
Summary
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was spread in December 2019 and was recognized as a zoonotic disease (Drosten et al, 2017; Andersen et al, 2020). In the newly developed Specific Highsensitivity Enzymatic Reporter Unlocking (SHERLOCK) technology, the activity of the crRNA-Cas13a protein complex is used to recognize RNA molecules and cut collateral RNA near the target RNAs. Metsky et al have developed a website with CRISPR-Cas13-based assay designs for the detection of 67 diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, Zika virus, and dengue fever, with a choice of single or multiple panels (Metsky et al, 2020). The comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test is based on advanced technology from SHERLOCK This technique uses fluorescently identified, non-targeted press reporter RNA (Kellner et al, 2019). Due to its exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, RNA-directed nucleic acid detection based on CRISPR/Cas nuclease has recently shown significant potential for developing next-generation molecular diagnostic technology (Ding et al, 2020; Lucia et al, 2020). The following table summarizes the current studies on the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2
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