Abstract
In the past few years, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) applications in medicine and molecular biology have broadened. CRISPR has also been integrated with microfluidic-based biosensors to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of medical diagnosis due to its great potentials. The CRISPR-powered microfluidics can help quantify DNAs and RNAs for different diseases such as cancer, and viral or bacterial diseases among others. Here in this review, we discussed the main applications of such tools along with their advantages and limitations.
Highlights
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a highly precise gene-editing tool that is changing research and treatment of various diseases including cancer, blood disorders, blindness, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, and COVID-19 [1,2,3]
On the contrary to the previous genetic engineering techniques such as recombinant DNA technologies that allowed particular genes to be inserted into a plasmid/virus, it allows for the introduction or removal of more than one gene at a time, facilitating rapid manipulation of different genes in a cell line, plant, or even animal/human, reducing the process time from several years to a matter of weeks [5]
We summarized the recent advancements in microfluidic platforms using CRISPR technology in biomedical diagnostics
Summary
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a highly precise gene-editing tool that is changing research and treatment of various diseases including cancer, blood disorders, blindness, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, and COVID-19 [1,2,3]. On the contrary to the previous genetic engineering techniques such as recombinant DNA technologies that allowed particular genes to be inserted into a plasmid/virus, it allows for the introduction or removal of more than one gene at a time, facilitating rapid manipulation of different genes in a cell line, plant, or even animal/human, reducing the process time from several years to a matter of weeks [5]. It is not species-specific, making the manipulation of organisms previously resistant to genetic engineering possible [6]. Efficient delivery requires the pDNA to be protected; pDNA/cationic liposome (CL), in which the liposome is produced using microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing devices, is a promising strategy for non-viral gene therapy [15]
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