Abstract
BackgroundMany bacteria and archaea possess a defense system called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas system) against invaders such as phages or plasmids. This system has not been demonstrated in Helicobacter pylori. The numbers of spacer in CRISPR array differ among bacterial strains and can be used as a genetic marker for bacterial typing.ResultsA total of 36 H. pylori isolates were collected from patients in three hospitals located in the central (PBH) and southern (SKH) regions of Thailand. It is of interest that CRISPR-like sequences of this bacterium were detected in vlpC encoded for VacA-like protein C. Virulence genes were investigated and the most pathogenic genotype (cagA vacA s1m1) was detected in 17 out of 29 (58.6%) isolates from PBH and 5 out of 7 (71.4%) from SKH. vapD gene was identified in each one isolate from PBH and SKH. CRISPR-like sequences and virulence genes of 20 isolates of H. pylori obtained in this study were analyzed and CRISPR-virulence typing was constructed and compared to profiles obtained by the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The discriminatory power (DI) of CRISPR-virulence typing was not different from RAPD typing.ConclusionCRISPR-virulence typing in H. pylori is easy and reliable for epidemiology and can be used for inter-laboratory interpretation.
Highlights
Many bacteria and archaea possess a defense system called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas system) against invaders such as phages or plasmids
random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is recommended for H. pylori typing [19]
Isolation of H. pylori and identification of CRISPR‐like sequences A total of 353 gastric biopsy samples were collected from PBH and 80 from SKH
Summary
Many bacteria and archaea possess a defense system called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas system) against invaders such as phages or plasmids. This system has not been demonstrated in Helicobacter pylori. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are detected in around 40% of bacteria and many archaea [1, 2]. CRISPR together with the CRISPR-associated genes (cas) are a prokaryotic defense system against invasive bacteriophages or genetic elements. The cagA gene encodes the bacterial oncoprotein that causes abnormal cellular signals leading to deregulation of cell growth, cell turnover, cell to cell contact, and elongation of epithelial cells. The vacA gene encodes the pore-forming toxin that induces epithelial cell apoptosis, and inhibits leukocyte activation
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