Abstract
The Covid-19 crisis has put the European Union (EU) under profound stress as it took place on the heels of recent, multiple, overlapping crises, creating a ‘perfect storm’ of conditions at a crucial moment in European integration. This has also put studies of European integration to a test. This chapter draws lessons from past crisis on European integration and argues for a research agenda on the impact of crisis on European integration. It also offers a conceptual infrastructure helpful to pursue such an agenda. The chapter outlines three conceptual models of EU crisis responses. It also illustrates how the EU has adapted flexibly and differently to the Covid-19 crisis before outlining avenues for future studies on long-term democratic implications and unintended consequences for European integration.
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