Abstract

Abstract The rest of that summer and fall things went from bad to worse for the alternative EV community. “The anti-ZEV forces smelled blood in the water,” said Veronica Kun, a senior scientist at the National Resources Defense Council. “They were emboldened by the political sea change.” In California, ads, press releases, and studies continued to question the benefits of EVs. A clever, insidious strategy, greased by the Western States Petroleum Association, effectively stalled plans for EV charging stations. So-called grassroots groups, which critics dubbed “Astroturf groups,” consisting mostly of senior citizens worried about higher electricity bills, were organized and their fears exploited.

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