Abstract
Abstract – Plant genetic resources conservation is essential for the development of agriculture. The development of efficient cryopreservation protocols has become an effective tool to conserve vegetatively propagated plant species. Traditionally, genetic resources have been maintained primarily in field collections. As field collections, Vitis accessions are vulnerable to abiotic stresses and biotic threats, such as pathogens and pests. Thus, the availability of robust cryopreservation methods is an opportunity to preserve collections for long periods, safely and with low maintenance costs. Several cryopreservation methods have been described for grapevines and, so far, droplet-vitrification has been the most effective for multiple Vitis species. This method seems to be promising to overcome species- and genotype-specific responses to a determined protocol, factors that have been bottlenecks for the widespread use of Vitis cryopreservation. This review article presents updated and relevant information on the use of cryopreservation as a complementary tool for the conservation of Vitis genetic resources.
Highlights
Plant genetic resources conservation is essential for the development of agriculture
Vitis accessions are vulnerable to abiotic stresses
Several cryopreservation methods have been described for grapevines
Summary
Criopreservação: uma ferramenta para conservação de recursos genéticos de videira. Outras espécies de Vitis, tais como V. labrusca, V. berlandieri, V. riparia, V. rupestris, e Muscadinia rotundifolia (gênero Muscadinia) são importantes para programas de melhoramento genético focados no desenvolvimento de novos cultivares e porta-enxertos tolerantes/resistentes a pragas e doenças e adaptados a diversas condições ambientais (CARIMI et al, 2016; SMITH et al, 2016). Atualmente, o Brasil mantém a maior coleção de germoplasma de Vitis na América do Sul, com aproximadamente 1400 acessos, que incluem cultivares, híbridos interespecíficos e espécies silvestres. Na Região Nordeste do país, a Embrapa Semiárido mantém aproximadamente 267 acessos de videira conservados, composto por 168 cultivares de V. vinifera, 8 cultivares de V. labrusca, 73 híbridos interespecíficos, 8 espécies silvestres americanas, além de 10 acessos sem informação sobre origem (NUNES et al, 2015). Outras coleções com menor número de acessos são mantidas por empresas de pesquisa nacional nos estados de Santa Catarina (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina [Epagri]), Minas Gerais (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais [Epamig]), São Paulo (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas [IAC]) e Paraná (Instituto Agronômico do Paraná [Iapar]) (MAIA et al, 2015)
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